Welcome back to another episode of organic chemistry today is another video in the toxic series where we’re going to talk about this really terrible journal indian chemistry journals, chemistry journals in india with this really fake article so here you can see the journal indian chemistry journals, chemistry journals in india’s website it’s called the world journal indian chemistry journals, chemistry journals in india of pharmaceutical research turns out that the chemistry present in these paper indian chemistry journals, chemistry journals in indias actually shows up on scifinder and i had originally come across this journal indian chemistry journals, chemistry journals in india in 2015. it was surprising because i had tried to repeat this reaction reported in this journal indian chemistry journals, chemistry journals in india i mean look at this like website this looks extremely reputable right this looks like something you’d expect to see in 2015 especially in 2022 and i tried to reproduce this paper indian chemistry journals, chemistry journals in india and didn’t work so one thing that’s kind of funny about this journal indian chemistry journals, chemistry journals in india is they have the best paper indian chemistry journals, chemistry journals in india awards and they give their best paper indian chemistry journals, chemistry journals in india award to every uh issue and the funny thing is if you click the download article button you get this interesting not found thing and it says you seem to be trying to find his way home and i don’t know why i’m trying to find his way home but hopefully he finds his way home okay so let’s look at this paper indian chemistry journals, chemistry journals in india this paper indian chemistry journals, chemistry journals in india is called synthesis characterization and my antimicrobial activity of substituted benzodioxial derivatives and so essentially what this paper indian chemistry journals, chemistry journals in india does is they say they make some novel derivatives of ortho hydroxyaniline or orthoaminophenol if you prefer by reacting this with dicarboxylic acids in the presence of hydrochloric acid now if you’re familiar with heterocycle chemistry at all phil baron has a really good course on heterocycle synthesis you might uh expect that this type of reaction would work and on paper indian chemistry journals, chemistry journals in india this is fairly reasonable you know you’re trying to form a five-membered ring there’s acid that could help protonate the carbonyl of the carboxylic acid after it’s formed an ester or an amide it’s conceivable that this type of transformation would occur but this reaction doesn’t actually work and we’re going to look through some of the problems with this paper indian chemistry journals, chemistry journals in india so i’ve highlighted things throughout that we’re going to look at so the first thing i want to point out is it says a series of some novel benzodioxial compounds were synthesized so the first thing i want to point out is of these five derivatives that i made you can look up their structure on scifinder we’ll just go back down here so you can see what they look like the r group that sticks off is coming off here so you can see the five examples the first compound compound a was actually first reported in 1922.
Compound b was reported in 1956. compound c was reported in 1986 compound d was reported in 1922 and compound e was reported in 1945. so the first the first thing that we already know is an issue is they call this a series of some novel benzodioxale compounds but we already know that those are novel so that’s not a great start now i’m going to gloss over most of the grammar mistakes here or missing spaces because they’re just kind of everywhere and i’m sure that’s going to be upsetting to you guys the whole time okay so the next thing it says is the reaction of ortho aminophenol with dicarboxylic acid yield substituted benzodioxyl and so you can see most of these actually aren’t disubstituted acids there’s three of them three of them are okay so most of them are but there’s a couple exceptions which aren’t this would be derived from cinnamic acid and this one would be derived from salicylic acid so they’re not dye acids so that’s not technically true either additionally they say that their structures were confirmed by ir 1h nmr and 13c nmr they also tested antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus which is a bacteria that commonly you might study like anti-microbial activity for and so they say for the synthesized compounds now we’re going to get back to that because on the agar plates that they tested this on they actually don’t label them as the derivatives they just label them as the parent compounds that were the carboxylic acids that these things were converted into allegedly so in this thing they say uh in the present synthesis or in the present study it is planned to synthesize benzodiaxyl compounds and characterize these compounds by one ir one hnmr and 13 cnmr spectral analysis it is planned to is a little bit misleading does that mean that they didn’t already do it or did they say that we did this this is confusing as well so they just have some like random stuff that you typically see in the start of a paper indian chemistry journals, chemistry journals in india now a couple other concerning things here in their methods and materials section they say all melting points were taken in open capillaries and are uncorrected elemental analysis was performed on a perkin elmer analyzer so they don’t report melting points anywhere and they also don’t have any elemental analysis so just quickly go through here you don’t see anything that looks like an elemental analysis or melting point so i don’t know why they have that in there if they did melting point and elemental analysis and they didn’t include it it wasn’t a very helpful thing to let us know was it okay so as i said before it says that they were condensed with dicarboxylic acids but the majority of them aren’t dicarboxylic acids now here you can see they give you a bit of a procedure that you can follow i tried this procedure with oxalic acid and when i analyzed all of the products that i got they were all just started unreacted ortho aminophenol now that doesn’t mean that this reaction isn’t conceivable i bet you could find conditions to make this transformation occur it is totally conceivable to me that you could take oxalic acid and ortho aminophenol and you could get it to convert but i wasn’t able to under the conditions that they report okay so here you can see that these structures look a little bit weird in normal paper indian chemistry journals, chemistry journals in indias you’re going to have structures that are all the same size here they manage to get a different benzene ring size almost every single time so that’s a little bit concerning they also don’t have subscripts for the ch2s this is just like poor presentation you know maybe we can let that one go so down here they say table one analytical data of benz dioxal compounds now they say analytical data but they actually don’t give us any analytical data other than the yield but fortunately they do give us the molecular formula as well as the molecular weight and at least we can see that the molecular weights are correct for these molecular formulas now once we start talking about the ir frequencies of the products this is where we start running into some real issues so the first one i want to highlight is the c single bond c so if you look at any ir tables you’re not going to see c single bond c stretches because those aren’t analytically useful everything we look at should have c single bond c stretches almost entirely like the only thing i could think of that wouldn’t have a c single bond c stretch would be something like ethylene or uh or maybe like acetylene right or allene so that’s not a super helpful thing to include okay now let’s look at the c double bond o stretches so here they don’t have a c single c double bond o stretch even though compound b should have a carboxylic acid product so they just don’t see that c double bond o stretch so that’s concerning okay down here for compound e they say they have a c double bond o stretch but compound e is this is a like an alkene derivative there’s no carbonyl so there shouldn’t even be a c double bond o stretch for that now another concerning thing is they give us an o h stretch for compound e now compound e also doesn’t have an o h it has a c double bond n a c single bond o and just like a c double bond c so not super helpful to give us an o h stretch for something that doesn’t have an o h stretch additionally i want to point out that if you have an o h stretch this is typically like 3 300 inverse centimeters this wouldn’t be like 2800 an oh stretch is typically like further to the left so that’s a little bit concerning too now in this next table they give us the nmr frequencies of the synthesized compounds okay they tell us it’s in table three right after they tell us it’s table three that’s pretty helpful to know that like they do the same thing up here where they’re talking about what’s in table two right after telling us it is table two okay so here you can see that the chemical shift in ppm for the ch2 is 2.
5 ppm now they give us a lot of decimal places this isn’t standard practice but you know we’ll let that go as well now the weird thing here is if we look at compound b we should actually have two different ch2s and the ch2 that’s closer to the benzoxazole is going to have a different chemical shift than the one that’s next to the carboxylic acid so it’s too bad that they only told us where one of the ch2s is it would have been really nice if they could have given us all of that data now another concerning thing here is you can see for compound e they give us a cooh chemical shift now presumably they’re talking about the o h but you know they they could have just kind of grouped all these into one column and you can see at least they figured out only one of their compounds has an o h in this table even though uh or at least like a phenol oh in this table but in the previous table they didn’t really make the connection that oh we should probably make our data make sense so here you can see they say compound e has a c-o-o-h stretch but let’s go to compound e again yeah that’s right there’s no c-o-o-h and if there is a c-o-o-h that’s just their unreacted cinnamic acid starting material okay so that’s concerning too now let’s look at table four the following table table four shows the 13 c nmr frequencies of the synthesized compounds a to e so here you can see it says the chemical shift of sp2 carbon and ppm so if we look at these carbons there’s several sp2 carbons in the starting materials and the products from both of the benzene rings and so there wouldn’t just be one sp2 carbon there’d be plenty of sp2 carbons additionally if you’ve ever done a carbon nmr you’ll know that sp2 carbons tend to be more in the range of like 100 ppm ish give or take 50 you know probably closer to like 150 if you have something like uh like a carbonyl and if you have an aromatic carbon sometimes it can be like 70 but 40 is extremely low that’s like too low for a typical sp2 carbon okay so that’s concerning but they fortunately give us the chemical shift of the carbonyl carbon which would also be an sp2 carbon but hey you know that’s okay we’ll let that one go and you can see that for compound d and e they give us chemical shifts but the problem is those don’t actually have carbonyls so you can see they have the immune or the benzox’s old nitrogen double one carbon but then these don’t have carbonyls so that’s that’s a problem okay let’s continue so they do some studies they basically absorb their compounds which they say are the products but to me i could very well assume these are the starting materials on these like little paper indian chemistry journals, chemistry journals in india disks and then if the bacteria when it grows on the agar doesn’t like those compounds it basically won’t be able to grow there so this is the inhibition zone this is where the bacteria tends to not grow if you have something like an antibiotic like they’re using here okay so they have a standard they have a control and then they have their compound that they’re testing so the control shouldn’t have any like um any zone of inhibition because the bacteria can just grow there the standard is an antibiotic and then the stuff that they add is just maybe anti-microbial to some extent so here you can see that they label this antimicrobial activity of compound a and b so let’s go back up for a second so compound a should be derived from oxalic acid compound b should be derived from succinic acid so let’s see what they label those plates so the first one says cinnamic acid and the second one says phthalic acid so that’s a problem the first one should be oxalic acid the second one should be succinic acid and it seems that they’ve got this messed up for all of the compounds this one should be phthalic acid this one should be salicylic acid and this one should be cinnamic acid and so we can also see that their conclusions are going to be wrong because you know here this says cinnamic acid oxalic acid and so what they’re concluding from these studies about having any antimicrobial activity is actually wrong because they’ve got their figures mixed up from the compounds that they’re talking about so that’s a problem too so here they give you the zone of inhibition for each of the compounds they measure how many millimeters of repulsion they were able to get against the bacteria and they’re just assuming that this is a way to say this is a good anti-microbial agent that you’d want to use versus the standard which is an actual antibiotic okay they give us a graph of the same data so that’s helpful they just showed this twice just in case you know you didn’t see it the first time now you can look at it with some bar graphs some nice uh excel graphs we got going on and so in their discussion they say the purity and homogeneity of all of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by their column chromatography now you could say that the purity was improved by column chromatography but you can’t like you can’t confirm their purity by column chromatography that doesn’t mean anything that doesn’t make sense additionally they say another confusing here another confusing thing here is saying the presence of nh stretching was confirmed by peaks at 3100 to 3200 uh inverse wave numbers so that’s concerning too because there shouldn’t be nhs in any of those products let’s look at these again okay so there’s a c double bond n and a c single bond n there’s no nh so if they’re seeing nhs in their products that just suggests that they had unreacted starting material every single time so that’s concerning as well additionally they give us another nh stretch even though they just talked about an nh stretch to give us a second nh stretch we don’t know if it’s a stretch it could be a band who knows they don’t tell us and they also give us a carbonyl stretch now they’re not talking about a specific compound here so i don’t know really what the point of talking about different stretches from different molecules is in a single sentence that’s quite a confusing and not logical thing to do and so here they talk about that they have an oh proton at 12.
4 ppm and so let’s just say from one of their compounds they had an oh at 12.4 ppm let’s go back to their proton nmr table for a sec so yeah so here we can see a cooh nothing around 12 ppm and then they have another oh here at 9 ppm so that’s also in disagreement with their earlier results so that’s also a cause for concern fortunately they tell us that they have a ch at 8.4 ppm as well as an aerial proton at seven to seven point six but uh what kind of ch are they seeing if it’s not an arrow proton and also the arrow protons that they talk about aren’t in agreement with this so that’s concerning as well uh finally they say that one of their conclusions is that ir 1h nmr and 13 nmr spectra are taken i i hope they get them back i really do additionally they show the structure of the product as follows and so they show the structure okay that’s reasonable sure and that’s the end of this so i checked you know i initially looked at this in 2015 but i looked on scifinder yesterday and you can still see this reaction world journal indian chemistry journals, chemistry journals in india of pharmaceutical research showing up on scifinder even though this is like a garbage journal indian chemistry journals, chemistry journals in india okay so you remember that like let’s click on the paper indian chemistry journals, chemistry journals in india to see what the most popular paper indian chemistry journals, chemistry journals in india is from this issue well when i clicked on that in 2015 i got linked to this great journal indian chemistry journals, chemistry journals in india and so this journal indian chemistry journals, chemistry journals in india or this article is called role of endometrial thickness optimization in the pregnancy rate for infertile women undergoing iui using different ovulation induction protocols and so this is a really funny one that i’m not going to cover but if you’re interested in it i’ll post it in the discord and you can also see that they have one of the best r squareds i’ve ever seen in a published paper indian chemistry journals, chemistry journals in india you might be familiar that typically you want an r square that’s like you know 95 0.
95 or higher and here they have a really good r squared that’s like not even outside not even inside the box of 0.278 and look at that slope down that’s a good slope so uh this is the best that this journal indian chemistry journals, chemistry journals in india has at least in 2015 this is the best that they have so i hope you’ve enjoyed this episode and i hope you have a great day.
Where to find great research papers?
Various great research journals such as Global Research Letters are a great option and way to help you look up impactful research papers with a great format. Here, you will find a number of various research papers that are provided and made available to you in the journal, which will help you write your own paper.
You can very easily find papers on a variety of topics at Global Research Letters, which will help you with your own research work and understanding of writing and publishing research papers properly. With access to so many amazing research papers, you can practice and learn the process of writing research papers and their importance.