SCOPUS and WoS In A Nutshell
No okay sorry sorry my slide like just shut down i have to open my slides oh is it auto auto minimizer to shut down you have to um no problem just take your time your connection is stuck i think can you hear me so but in my powerpoint now it's like initiating me a second thank you we were still waiting for it to restart uh uh your powerpoint slides no problem so for other participants i would like to request you all to fill up the attendance attendance link that is provided in the chat box on the left side of your screen okay this is for uitm stuff okay i will forward again the link for attendance record okay you may start to feel uh for the participant you've been start to fill in the attendance for your attendance record and evaluation form thank you thank you dr ima ilyani i will forward the comments regarding the second question for the typo error you can see my slides now okay all right so i think okay yeah i've taken some time so i'll just keep my virus up right so here uh today i'll be presenting on the scopus and web of science in a nutshell so the main idea that i've got to present about this is basically because when i when i talk with some lecturer with my cliques and so on uh many of the confusion between external metrics and also what are the things that we can be assessed through these uh two databases which is corpus and web of science and i believe these two databases are one of the i mean like they are the largest databases and also widely accepted if for all around the world and so on so for today's topic uh first i will be talking on the overview of the general database and then uh we'll be going into the web of science i will talk about the categories and also master generalist general factor eigen factors which is like seller we have about that so i will discuss about that how it's how it will be calculated and so on the next part will be talking on this purpose their coverage and what are the metrics that can be found and also i will slightly discuss about each index which can be found from web of science and also focus and summary okay so this is the overview of general database so basically uh all of us are researchers so i'm sure that all of us must be writing papers we are publishing and so on so as a author what we will do is our responsibility would be to you know conduct the research to write a paper and then we will submit it to a particular target journal and then the journal's rule would be to they will check first whether your your your article matches with your scope or not to ensure that all the qualities are okay or not if that's if they find it suitable then send it for the edit uh review process then after the review we will respond so then after that journal will publish the accepted version so here comes the publisher so basically what does publisher do they normally support the journals technology such as like you know we have like uh spoiler one uh editorial manager all this stuff provided by the publishers to the journal so that they can use the online platform system okay and also publishers normally will get subscribed by the uh libraries all around the world so that's how they improve the visibility of that particular journals and so on and the indexes so index actually will come between journal and the publisher because in the indexes role i mean the indexing companies we have like uh pubmed but for science google scholars focus there are many types of indexing companies out there but among them the well-known are the science focus obviously all right so uh journal will submit their paper to the indexing companies and then indexing companies they will index that means they only contain the uh title abstract authors information and also they will contact the cytometric analysis regarding that particular journal and also the papers okay so that's what we will see in detail later on okay just for a brief introduction about map of science formally it was known as web of knowledge managed by institute for scientific information so that's why we got the term isi so last time we used to use the term called uh isi papers but we don't have that term anymore even though some of us still use it but but like you know it's like later i will explain again so is okay uh after that after the web of knowledge it was the the whole thing was taken over by clarified analytics so now they are the one or the official partner of web of science where they are doing all these cytometric analysis when we look at the contents of that of science they have roughly about 50 000 scholarly book 20 000 journals 160 000 conference proceedings so these are the contents and when we go into the coverage so for the coverage this is the important part they have four different categories under the web of science okay so here we have like science citation index expanded which is s c i e social science citation index ssdi arts and humanities citation index the last one emerging sources citation index so esci is the something latest which has been uh launched by the web of science they launched this somewhere in 2015 okay apart from escti the other three categories scie ssci and ahci they their medium is will be used normally to generate the general impact factor eigen factor their citation index and also some other scores which is relevant for the uh performance so okay now uh okay i will talk more about the esci okay where do we find this web of science index general one of the most easiest platform would be the master journalist so this is a free platform you can just google this master journal list and then you can go here so here i have given one of the examples here i try to search on the journal of methods materials and minerals all right so when we type the if let's see if it has been indexed by web of science then it will automatically appear there so we just click and then we can see some basic information about this journal okay here you uh we can see it's a free free platform which contains wrap of science core collection so core collection means all the four categories that i mentioned earlier which is scie ssci h-c-i and e-s-c-i okay now something about e-s-e-i basically they are if let's say the journal has been like indexed by web of science okay but they got the category called esci like this channel over here the one that i displayed journal of methods materials and minerals we can see at the bottom part there wrap of science call collection esei that means they are considered as a waiting list okay so last time we had the term isi so isi is normally generally imperfect and quarter ranking and so on but here they came out with the waiting list ranking which will be known as the ascii it means that they also index by web of site just that they don't have uh impact factor or queue okay you can't find those informations and last time just by accessing through this master journal list if you scroll down you will have a button uh you can log in by using a personal email or facebook id you can check their quarter and so on but i'm not sure recently i tried to check in that way but but for some of the journals like almost all the journals that i have searched i couldn't find a content so another option that we can check in the uh very detailed uh metrics about these journals uh we have to go through the general citation report okay now this gcr get short forms dcr general citation report it must be accessed through your university subscription without the university subscription we cannot access this information it's not like so first many of the things focus we can access that freely it's really available but for the map of science we have to access through our user subscription so here what does it covered under the general citation report so normally it contains all the all the articles of journals which has been indexed at the scie arts and humanities the ahci and also the social science citation index and also they will give you the information on the impact factor their ranking the quantile and so on okay now here i've given two images one is uh after we log in okay map of science we go to the general citation report and see here the first picture there not index in these three categories so that's why when i put that journal of metal materials and minerals it will appear to be no results found why because it haven't gone into the three categories yet if the general is still at the waiting list okay but still index five of signs the next uh example here the second picture i simply type in general of social so it will give you a variety of options so whichever journal that you are interested you can just click you can check there profiles and so on okay now we move to the most uh famous term impact factor okay first of all we see how this impact is being calculated so general impact factor for a particular year x right uh the formula is number of citations that general x in the past two years divided by the number of total citable items that has been deposited in the journal for the past two years as well okay so uh i'll try to zoom and show okay so this one i think i took one of the examples of cleaner production so this is a multi-disciplinary within the science and technology field we can find that the impact has been calculated for the year 2018 okay we haven't got the option to the 19 one yet but we have the 2018 imperfect is point three nine five and how it's been calculated basically from the two years past 2017 divided by total number of journals has been published in this two years 2016 to 2017.
Okay then apart from that you also can find other informations for example here this is all these things will be visible through the jcrm general general citation report so we also can find um the subject category so because you see each journal their name could be brought but they have a very specific uh scope of their own subject so we also can see in terms of the subject field how are these generals are performing okay so that one also can be found that matrix here okay so that is about general impact okay the next one eigen factor so eigen factor is basic we seldom use this okay probably this will be useful if let's say we have got a very novel research for example we have we have found something very interesting so we wanted to go we wanted to find the right audience so that means we have to go for the right subject that will be provided by a particular general okay so basically eigen factor will give us a measure of the journal's total importance in the scientific community and also highly cited journals will influence the network more than the lexus cited journals and they have a calculation based on five years time frame and the last point here the b sign over here eigen factors cos are scaled so that sum of the eigen factors false of all journals in jcr image and you let's say jcr contains 20 20 000 generals so all of them would have their own specific number and the number when we sum up it would be 100 so as a as an example you can see here this is general journal of queen of production i have put this thing short here the eigen factor score is 0.
08370 only for the 2018 okay but if let's say we compare with the well-known general nature the eigen factor is one point two eight four so even though the imperfect of the nature is 43 but eigen factor is just 1.28 why because we have to sum up all the generals to get the 100 score okay so that is about basically eigen factor gives you the importance okay and then okay another this is another famous uh term that we normally hear eq quartal ranking so we have only four types of q q1 q2 q3 and q4 so what is q1 uh it depends on the impact factor distribution of the journal in a particular tree subject three okay quartile uh sometimes we used to think that the quarter represent the overall uh quality of the journal but uh in my opinion which is maybe in my opinion i just feel like this queue will give you an idea about the particular subject that carried by the university so let's see first how is q1 q2 um okay q1 is uh basically the top 25 percent of imperfect distribution meanwhile q2 would be between 50 to 25 percent of impact factor distribution q3 would be between 75 to 50 factor distribution meanwhile the q4 would be the bottom okay the bottom the left-sided uh that citation will go over there so here i've taken the example of census in the general census which uh published by publisher mdpi one of the open access publisher if we can see this is just one journal but this one journal got three different subject category analytical chemistry electrochemistry instruments and instrumentation so when we talk about the queue we can see here for the year 2018 for the field of analytical chemistry and electrochemistry this journal is q2 but if let's say our subject area that we're going to publish okay if let's say false in the instant instruments and instrumentation then obviously this is q1 so we have to know that okay so we can say that in general we are publishing q1 but we also need to you know it's like good thing for us to like take note about the subject field uh which got that particular queue this example i've got it uh but you know generally when you search journals most of the time okay most of the time if let's say one subject is q1 the other subject also will be q1 okay so most of the time i used to see that event so that's why i particularly choose this journal so that i can give you the difference in terms of the quartile okay h index so this is uh uh our international associated many also did mention about this h index so basically this is one of the metric system which is provided by the web of science so i'm touching about this part because overall about the web of science it's a bibliometric indicator for a reception to identify the productivity productivity in terms of the number of articles that the research has published and the impact impact will be calculated based on the number of citations so we can look at one of the very simple example this researches each index is seven why does he get h index of seven if let's say he has eight publications okay and his seventh publication got a citation more than seven times so that's why he got h index which is seven for him to attain each index eight so his eighth publication okay the eighth publication must receive another three more citation so that it will become eight so his each index will be complete with the number eight okay right uh now map of science they have a beta version for the author profile which i tried to uh log in but like i i couldn't sort it out uh so it's like kind of difficult for me to find my h index in the map of science so we have another platform preflight free platform problems so problems can be used uh you can just sign up okay the initial purpose of problems is to appreciate the reviewers but then they they integrate with the web of science now problems will display can display your ancient text so you have to remember the h index displayed at the blondes basically extracted from your wrap of science okay that's right so we move to the next part scopus so scopus this one i took it from the official website they have like 5000 over publishers 75 million items and you know so so many things so but the important thing is their citation their articles everything dating back to 1970 which means scopus is obviously the largest database okay on the reliable databases when we talk about that scopus is one of the largest uh database compared to the science okay because corpus journals index fixed purpose many of the journals uh sorry many of the generals indexed by web of science also index by scopus but there are some scenarios where journals sometimes indexed by vapor science but they haven't gone into the scope quiz yet we also have that scenario okay but the circle of scopus will be much more bigger compared to the web of science okay now we were talking about impact factor just now so that is that is for the web of science when we talk about purpose the important thing is we should take note on the side scope okay so which behaves in similar way as the impact factor but there are some different so let's look at how it's being calculated first of all side score is basically a number of citation to the general acts in the past three years divided by number of total fightable items by the journal acts in the past three years which means the main difference is three years general impa factor two years but sidespot will be three years okay so this is again the same journal journal of cleanup production you can see over here the site store is 7.
32 to a very good very quick comparison okay we can see 2018 according to the web of signs imperfected this is 6.395 but for the size points 7.32 the impact factor over here is what it decides for for the general cleanup production over here is higher probably because the the the time spent that they have taken which is like three years compared to the back of science and another interesting part about scopus you also can have uh you can you can observe a life tracker sites called tractor which will be updated on monthly basis okay for the 2019 yeah side score is going to increase even more higher okay but 2018 was 7.32 but up to april their site score was four six so so like you know like we have another half a year to go so the outside school might even go up to nine or something okay it still depends on the number of citations that they normally get and also the papers okay besides side stop we also have some of the information at this purpose which is freely available so before i go there you can see this is the subject areas okay uh and look at the subject area we have four different subject areas for the journal of cleaner production okay now on the right hand side you can see the site score for the 2018 7.
32 but from that we also have schema go general ranking 1.62 and then snip 2.308 so these are the other information that we can get it from scopus okay first we look at the snip snip is basically a normalized assessment of general impact it provides more accurate impact on subject tree okay for the map of science we had the thing called eigen factor which which focuses on the impact of the subject for this purpose the impact will be measured by these snips coins uh it has been developed by lyden university center for science and technology okay so here this is the formula on how they calculate this skip score then we go into the schema general ranking so this is also a free accessible uh platform you can just google this they provide cytometry indicators for journals index is purpose and also they provide the particle for the spokes index okay okay let's look at this one okay isjr so this is the formula the average number of weight of citation in the recent year divided by the number of documents published in the previous three years so they taking the number of documents for three years but they just look at the single year citation so that's why sds for normally would be lesser okay when we compare with the size cosplay all right uh okay so when we i believe this is yeah journal of cleaner production okay so this is the journal of cleanup production i try to zoom this part here so we can see once we go into the schema general ranking we type the general name okay so it will show us the informations so many informations like even international collaborations cited documents total site self sites okay even the self citation will be counted here and also their performance in terms of the quarter so here the green colors are the uh indicates the queue green colors are the q1 the yellow color is the q2 and the red clip now mistake and great orange over here prime minister is q3 okay so fortunately general of cleaner production for all these four.
Subject field this is q one so it also will mention an overall q1 over here okay then we go for the h index which will be this h index of the researcher profiles them in scopus we also can find this h index uh it calculated the same way okay this picture over here calculated the same way exactly as the map of science however the citation will be taken from scopus database only which means that you see it's very common for us to have okay sometimes common sometimes no this is also my opinion okay uh we we can have a higher itch index in scopus profile but in map of science uh h index it might be a bit low sometimes it will be the same here depending depending on the citation what is the reason because obviously it's focus largest database so the possibility or the probability for you to get more citations in this within higher so that's why our age index tend to be even higher so if let's say we go a bit out of the scope for example google scholar if you check your google scholar index it will be even higher than scopus why because google scholar powers even uh more bigger database okay but just that like you know google's holiday just index uh almost anything okay or not to say almost anything if let's say you meet certain criteria okay but very minimum okay so they will they can take it in and they will index your journal okay so probably because of that loose colors like not really uh i mean like we can we can we can also use the good scholar nothing wrong in that okay now we move to the yeah how to search for the author profile uh basically it's a free account with uni author id you can just go to the author search and key in the last name first name and then it will you can also find some information about the leading scientist in your field okay for example here this is one of the scientists basically my field is uh on the conducting polymers also the chemical sciences so when i search through i mean like i enter through my profile and then i go through.
The subject which can be found here at the bottom part here the page uh you can find who is the researcher who uh who have received like the highest number of citations so so basically you can try you can like follow and also you can see what of their latest publications how they are being listed and so on okay so all right so uh summary in terms of the coverage okay my opinion i would say that uh scopus obviously they have a larger database because they are citing back to 1970 compared to the wrap of science they didn't impact metric the way i mean the name if let's say impact factor that is for wrap of science scopus we cannot compare the impact factor that is sidespot and the impact calculation is for the impact of science just two years for the scopus this is three years and also the uh metric analyzer who does that for web of science clarity analytics for the scopers scopus themselves the interesting part is even the lcb the publisher uh i mean the scope is lcds product okay but scopus kind of a company where they only hold the the title abstract they don't have the full articles but lcv they have a full article so there is a main difference and other metrics can be found from web of science purposes like eigen factor uh and also there is sdr and state okay however both databases are globally recognized so i hope like you know i've tried the nutshell like very basic things about scopus and also back of science i will i'll stop my presentation okay thank you yes thank you roger thank you very much for the very informative very uh detailed explanation about uh several terms that some of us might uh quite new to a new insight for us and um okay i will not open for q a session okay we have around a few minutes until we move on to next session we're accepting around one or two question only any questions or you may also type in the chat box if you've got any questions okay most of the participants uh say thank you to dr kavi for the informative.
Okay then apart from that you also can find other informations for example here this is all these things will be visible through the jcrm general general citation report so we also can find um the subject category so because you see each journal their name could be brought but they have a very specific uh scope of their own subject so we also can see in terms of the subject field how are these generals are performing okay so that one also can be found that matrix here okay so that is about general impact okay the next one eigen factor so eigen factor is basic we seldom use this okay probably this will be useful if let's say we have got a very novel research for example we have we have found something very interesting so we wanted to go we wanted to find the right audience so that means we have to go for the right subject that will be provided by a particular general okay so basically eigen factor will give us a measure of the journal's total importance in the scientific community and also highly cited journals will influence the network more than the lexus cited journals and they have a calculation based on five years time frame and the last point here the b sign over here eigen factors cos are scaled so that sum of the eigen factors false of all journals in jcr image and you let's say jcr contains 20 20 000 generals so all of them would have their own specific number and the number when we sum up it would be 100 so as a as an example you can see here this is general journal of queen of production i have put this thing short here the eigen factor score is 0.
08370 only for the 2018 okay but if let's say we compare with the well-known general nature the eigen factor is one point two eight four so even though the imperfect of the nature is 43 but eigen factor is just 1.28 why because we have to sum up all the generals to get the 100 score okay so that is about basically eigen factor gives you the importance okay and then okay another this is another famous uh term that we normally hear eq quartal ranking so we have only four types of q q1 q2 q3 and q4 so what is q1 uh it depends on the impact factor distribution of the journal in a particular tree subject three okay quartile uh sometimes we used to think that the quarter represent the overall uh quality of the journal but uh in my opinion which is maybe in my opinion i just feel like this queue will give you an idea about the particular subject that carried by the university so let's see first how is q1 q2 um okay q1 is uh basically the top 25 percent of imperfect distribution meanwhile q2 would be between 50 to 25 percent of impact factor distribution q3 would be between 75 to 50 factor distribution meanwhile the q4 would be the bottom okay the bottom the left-sided uh that citation will go over there so here i've taken the example of census in the general census which uh published by publisher mdpi one of the open access publisher if we can see this is just one journal but this one journal got three different subject category analytical chemistry electrochemistry instruments and instrumentation so when we talk about the queue we can see here for the year 2018 for the field of analytical chemistry and electrochemistry this journal is q2 but if let's say our subject area that we're going to publish okay if let's say false in the instant instruments and instrumentation then obviously this is q1 so we have to know that okay so we can say that in general we are publishing q1 but we also need to you know it's like good thing for us to like take note about the subject field uh which got that particular queue this example i've got it uh but you know generally when you search journals most of the time okay most of the time if let's say one subject is q1 the other subject also will be q1 okay so most of the time i used to see that event so that's why i particularly choose this journal so that i can give you the difference in terms of the quartile okay h index so this is uh uh our international associated many also did mention about this h index so basically this is one of the metric system which is provided by the web of science so i'm touching about this part because overall about the web of science it's a bibliometric indicator for a reception to identify the productivity productivity in terms of the number of articles that the research has published and the impact impact will be calculated based on the number of citations so we can look at one of the very simple example this researches each index is seven why does he get h index of seven if let's say he has eight publications okay and his seventh publication got a citation more than seven times so that's why he got h index which is seven for him to attain each index eight so his eighth publication okay the eighth publication must receive another three more citation so that it will become eight so his each index will be complete with the number eight okay right uh now map of science they have a beta version for the author profile which i tried to uh log in but like i i couldn't sort it out uh so it's like kind of difficult for me to find my h index in the map of science so we have another platform preflight free platform problems so problems can be used uh you can just sign up okay the initial purpose of problems is to appreciate the reviewers but then they they integrate with the web of science now problems will display can display your ancient text so you have to remember the h index displayed at the blondes basically extracted from your wrap of science okay that's right so we move to the next part scopus so scopus this one i took it from the official website they have like 5000 over publishers 75 million items and you know so so many things so but the important thing is their citation their articles everything dating back to 1970 which means scopus is obviously the largest database okay on the reliable databases when we talk about that scopus is one of the largest uh database compared to the science okay because corpus journals index fixed purpose many of the journals uh sorry many of the generals indexed by web of science also index by scopus but there are some scenarios where journals sometimes indexed by vapor science but they haven't gone into the scope quiz yet we also have that scenario okay but the circle of scopus will be much more bigger compared to the web of science okay now we were talking about impact factor just now so that is that is for the web of science when we talk about purpose the important thing is we should take note on the side scope okay so which behaves in similar way as the impact factor but there are some different so let's look at how it's being calculated first of all side score is basically a number of citation to the general acts in the past three years divided by number of total fightable items by the journal acts in the past three years which means the main difference is three years general impa factor two years but sidespot will be three years okay so this is again the same journal journal of cleanup production you can see over here the site store is 7.
32 to a very good very quick comparison okay we can see 2018 according to the web of signs imperfected this is 6.395 but for the size points 7.32 the impact factor over here is what it decides for for the general cleanup production over here is higher probably because the the the time spent that they have taken which is like three years compared to the back of science and another interesting part about scopus you also can have uh you can you can observe a life tracker sites called tractor which will be updated on monthly basis okay for the 2019 yeah side score is going to increase even more higher okay but 2018 was 7.32 but up to april their site score was four six so so like you know like we have another half a year to go so the outside school might even go up to nine or something okay it still depends on the number of citations that they normally get and also the papers okay besides side stop we also have some of the information at this purpose which is freely available so before i go there you can see this is the subject areas okay uh and look at the subject area we have four different subject areas for the journal of cleaner production okay now on the right hand side you can see the site score for the 2018 7.
32 but from that we also have schema go general ranking 1.62 and then snip 2.308 so these are the other information that we can get it from scopus okay first we look at the snip snip is basically a normalized assessment of general impact it provides more accurate impact on subject tree okay for the map of science we had the thing called eigen factor which which focuses on the impact of the subject for this purpose the impact will be measured by these snips coins uh it has been developed by lyden university center for science and technology okay so here this is the formula on how they calculate this skip score then we go into the schema general ranking so this is also a free accessible uh platform you can just google this they provide cytometry indicators for journals index is purpose and also they provide the particle for the spokes index okay okay let's look at this one okay isjr so this is the formula the average number of weight of citation in the recent year divided by the number of documents published in the previous three years so they taking the number of documents for three years but they just look at the single year citation so that's why sds for normally would be lesser okay when we compare with the size cosplay all right uh okay so when we i believe this is yeah journal of cleaner production okay so this is the journal of cleanup production i try to zoom this part here so we can see once we go into the schema general ranking we type the general name okay so it will show us the informations so many informations like even international collaborations cited documents total site self sites okay even the self citation will be counted here and also their performance in terms of the quarter so here the green colors are the uh indicates the queue green colors are the q1 the yellow color is the q2 and the red clip now mistake and great orange over here prime minister is q3 okay so fortunately general of cleaner production for all these four.
Subject field this is q one so it also will mention an overall q1 over here okay then we go for the h index which will be this h index of the researcher profiles them in scopus we also can find this h index uh it calculated the same way okay this picture over here calculated the same way exactly as the map of science however the citation will be taken from scopus database only which means that you see it's very common for us to have okay sometimes common sometimes no this is also my opinion okay uh we we can have a higher itch index in scopus profile but in map of science uh h index it might be a bit low sometimes it will be the same here depending depending on the citation what is the reason because obviously it's focus largest database so the possibility or the probability for you to get more citations in this within higher so that's why our age index tend to be even higher so if let's say we go a bit out of the scope for example google scholar if you check your google scholar index it will be even higher than scopus why because google scholar powers even uh more bigger database okay but just that like you know google's holiday just index uh almost anything okay or not to say almost anything if let's say you meet certain criteria okay but very minimum okay so they will they can take it in and they will index your journal okay so probably because of that loose colors like not really uh i mean like we can we can we can also use the good scholar nothing wrong in that okay now we move to the yeah how to search for the author profile uh basically it's a free account with uni author id you can just go to the author search and key in the last name first name and then it will you can also find some information about the leading scientist in your field okay for example here this is one of the scientists basically my field is uh on the conducting polymers also the chemical sciences so when i search through i mean like i enter through my profile and then i go through.
The subject which can be found here at the bottom part here the page uh you can find who is the researcher who uh who have received like the highest number of citations so so basically you can try you can like follow and also you can see what of their latest publications how they are being listed and so on okay so all right so uh summary in terms of the coverage okay my opinion i would say that uh scopus obviously they have a larger database because they are citing back to 1970 compared to the wrap of science they didn't impact metric the way i mean the name if let's say impact factor that is for wrap of science scopus we cannot compare the impact factor that is sidespot and the impact calculation is for the impact of science just two years for the scopus this is three years and also the uh metric analyzer who does that for web of science clarity analytics for the scopers scopus themselves the interesting part is even the lcb the publisher uh i mean the scope is lcds product okay but scopus kind of a company where they only hold the the title abstract they don't have the full articles but lcv they have a full article so there is a main difference and other metrics can be found from web of science purposes like eigen factor uh and also there is sdr and state okay however both databases are globally recognized so i hope like you know i've tried the nutshell like very basic things about scopus and also back of science i will i'll stop my presentation okay thank you yes thank you roger thank you very much for the very informative very uh detailed explanation about uh several terms that some of us might uh quite new to a new insight for us and um okay i will not open for q a session okay we have around a few minutes until we move on to next session we're accepting around one or two question only any questions or you may also type in the chat box if you've got any questions okay most of the participants uh say thank you to dr kavi for the informative.